Hi Buddies

Hi every one. Christian from Moshi, Tanzania

hi

Hello!

Jamani, sikupata video ya kikao cha wiki jana

https://bit.ly/2WiKnZ2 Link ya mazungumzo ya last week

Hussein that is the link

how can i record this meeting??

the meetings is being recorded. we will email the full audio recording a few hours after the meeting concludes.

Rukia Said ☝🏾

thanks

Sorry siwasikii sijui tatizoo ni nini

David - join with audio

thank you

napata uelewa mzuri

Ufafanuzi ni mzuri japo ningetamani pia mtaalam wetu aitolee maelezo aina ya pili ya test.

please start posting your questions here. we will ask them once the speakers are done. karinuni sana

asanteh

Kabla ya application unatakiwa kuanzia na kiasi gani ya hizo pathogens?

Je kama Taifa uwezo wa kufanya testing iwe random au mandatory iko kwa kiasi gani?je kila afikaye hospitali regardless of ugonjwa anaweza kupimwa Covid19?

application = amplification

The concentration of DNA template depends on the source. Normally used concentration are 100-250 ng for mammalian genomic DNA and 20 ng for linearized plasmid DNA (circular plasmid DNA is slightly less efficiently amplified) per 50µl reaction.

Je kuna ugumu gani wa kuwa na vipimo hivyo katika hospital zetu zote za kanda na hata wilaya?

yategemeana na uwezo wenu wa Kifedha.

they are very expensive

Tunaweza kujua gharama zake ili hata inapotokea watu wanauliza basi tunakuwa mabalozi wazuri.

$90,000

aiseee!

Kuhusu papai kuwa COVID-19 positive. je kunauwezekano wa popo anapotafuta chakula akifyonza kwenye papai lililoiva ahaacha mate yake yenye huyo virus, na baadaye Dkt. Magufuli akipima hilo papai akakuta COVID-19 positive.?

wakati ufatani kwetu tunanunua miaka iliyopita bei ilikuwa hiyo $90,000

heheh

wapo popo wala matunda kwahiyo hilo ni uwezekano mmojawapo. Tukumbuke Kirusi cha SARS-CoV-2 kinaweza kukaa kwenye surfaces kwa muda mrefu. Kwahiyo hata kama papai limedondokewa na Kirusi utalikuta

Asante kwa ufafanuzi Dr. Maeda

To Prod. Mtenga: Yes, na hiyo itaitwa contamination rather than infection. Na contamination inaweza kutokea pia wakati wa kuchukua hiyo sample ya papai Kama mchukuaji akiwa source of infection or contamination. Contamination inaweza pia kutokea katika hatua zitakazofuata wakati wa handling ya sampuli hiyo mfano wakati wa usafirishaji, upokeaji, wakati wa RNA extraction. na hata wakati wa template addition. possibilities are numerous.

kama tuna uwezo wa kunijulia mawaziri V8-Landcruizers $100K, kwa nini tushindwe kununua machine kwa hosipitali zote kubwa kwa $90K. issue hapa ni priority zetu ziko wapi.

Mmmh! hatr sana

Correct, prioritization ndiyo issue kubwa hapa

check the cut off points

valid point Dr. Mtenga

Iwapo kinachopimwa ni damu au mate. Najiuliza kuwa hakuna tofauti kati ya mate na ute wa papai? iweje bado majibu yawe positive au negative?

what they are looking for in mate or blood is to isolate RNA of the virus

Na vipi oil chafu inapimwaje na kukutwa na kirusi naomba ufafanuzi kuhusu ilo

it important to establish and determine the false positive rate of the assay

Machine za kupimia virus via ugonjwa wa korona vinapatikana katika hospitali zote za kanda pamoja na maabara nyingi za utafiti. Na ndio hizo hizo zinazotumika kupimia virusi vya UKIMWI (VVU). Hizo ndio zenye bei karibia na iliyotajwa na Dr. Maeda. Bei ya vitendanishi/vipimo vya kupimia virusi via korona ni >$200 kwa kipimo

hahah daktari,,spare parts tena!

nimependa sana maelezo Dr.Maeda

Asia. kinachopimwa ni vinasaba vilivyokuwa isolated and purified from Damu, mate or anything

How can stem cells be used in the treatment of COVID-19?

asante Asha.

DNA has the first step - to isolate and purify vinasaba from samples. Then the purified vinasaba ndivyo vinakutanishwa reagents (primers, Probe with specific information za target) so if you have the right vinasaba will match with primers / probe na kuwa amplified for detection

Illumina sequencing (MiSeq/HiSeq/Novaseq) kwa sampuli moja inaweza gharima $700 kwenye maabara za kibiashara

Duh hili jibu

jibu sfi sn

umeeleweka vizuri sanaaa Dr Maeda

Kabisa

sample ya papai ilichukuliwa from inside na sio surface!

in PCR world samples could be a swab from anything

Very Informative topic-Dr. Maeda.

Good answer.

👍🏽

kwa sasa hakuna dawa inayotokana na seli shina bali seli shina zaweza kutumika kutengeneza seli za mapafu ili kuona mwenendo wake wa uambukizaji na kupata njia za kumdhibiti.

Daniel… those sleepless nights at Mabibo while we were out partying sure wasn’t for nothing. Thank you for the presentation, very informative.

Maeda Maelezo yako rahisi kueleweka. Very informative. Asante sana mzee

yaani Lusajo nakumbuka mlivyokuwa mnanicheka huku mkienda bilicanas

MAEDA umeeleweka vyema zaidi

Tumeona watalaamu wa chuo kikuu cha makerere wakijaribu kutengeneza "rapid test" kwa ajili ya COVID-19.

sure

Hahaha na Course yenu yenye watu 20 Daniel 🤣🤣🤣. Thank you aisee… For leo.

Dr.Maeda vipi kwa nchi yetu tumefanya nini hadi sasa kwa Tanzania katika kutengeneza test kama ilivyo chuo cha makerere?

how far can we trust rapid tests for covid-19?

rapid tests are not yet validated and approved.

Calibration ya PCR hufanyika kila baada ya ku-run sample ngapi

Dk. Mahadhy na mimi tumeandaa proposal ya kutengeneza biosensor kwa ajili ya COVID-19, tunasubiri majibu ya wenye mamlaka

Hongereni sana kwa utaalam wenu huo @Maeda.

Hii mada ni ya nguvu sana. Hongereni sana kwa kweli!

panya wa SUA

Hongereni Sana Wote specifically madada zangu wa Kifungilo Secondary School mnaturepresent vizuri sana sisi wanawake kwenye science….

best wishes to you Dr. Maeda and Dr. Mahadhy- congrats

hata hao panya wanalima na positive control na negative control

YES. Hizo mashine zinaweza zikipata right kit

Ni kweli Gene expert tunazitumia kwenye hosp zetu za wilaya,

Na wizara imekuwa kwenye process ya kuwezesha maabara kama 9 nchini kwa ajili ya kuweza kutest SARS CoV2

👍🏽

TB diagnosis kwa kutumia hero rats SUA-APOPO project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtrRtfmN_T8

NADHANI tuweke Sawa. Mamlaka za Tanzania Hazijakataa Umuhimu wa Kupima.Kuna-MisInforming inafanyika against Tanzania

Tunaweza kupima kwa kutumia xpert machines — tena ni rahisi kutumia na ni bei nafuu kuliko kutumia machine tunazozitumia sasa.

Hadi sasa naweza kusema kama nchi tumeamua kufuata herd immunization, je ni kwa kiwango gani hospital zetu zimejipanga hasa pale itakapoonekana kuwa na wagonjwa wengi kwa wakati? pili kumekuwa na changamoto za watu wengi kwenda hospital kupima zaidi sana wanaume na hasa tukiangalia kila taarifa ya masaa 24 inayotolewa inaonekana wanaume ni wengi kuliko wanawake?

political Will is what is in question...

Shukrani kwa wachangiaji wote

nimeipenda sana hiyo swedish personal space

Sweden wapo vizuri....sisi wakarimu mno,haswa wakwe zangu wasukuma

Mtanzania huwezi mnyima msongamano 😂

most continental western/northern/central Europe wanapenda Sana personal space

Zanzibar is moving forward with GenXpert and trying to solve the software and reagens issues, it is possible. Mainland is another story, still awaiting the Paapaaya repoer

eric

mtanzania yupo tayari kumpakata mtu asiyemjua kwenye daradaraa ili tuu kumfanikisha safari yake

kwetu Africa bado hii practice ya personal spacing inaweza kuwa ngumu. Kupeana mikono tu imekuwa shida sembuse hiyo?

hahahahah @Lyandala

Sweden na lile baridi unatoka kufanya nini?

Mtanzania huwezi mnyima msongamano,mana kufanya hivyo ni kumlaza kibaka njaa

Dr. Grace na wataalam wengine wa afya ya jamii: nini kifanyike ili kuzuia vifo vinavyoendelea kutokea kutokana na unyanyapaa unaoendelea mahospitalini wa wagonjwa wenye chronic illnesses wanaohisiwa kwa na COVID-19? Pia, tufanye nini ili kuzuia kurudisha nyuma hatua tulizopiga katika kupunguza changamoto za magonjwa ya HIV, TB na malaria katika kipindi hiki ambazo zinabashiriwa?

Ongeza pia Ugonjwa wa ini @Chachage

given the recent pandemics that have happened over time especially with COVID 19- what are some precautions that you can suggest/ recommend. For our beloved TZ what can they do interns of task force etc.

Hongereni vijana, please bring those revolutionary, modern, practical & scientific capabilities into our health system architecture! ..tunawahitaji..

sure tunawahitaji sana@Temu

in terms*

Ninahitaji kujua uhusiano wa SARS-COV2 na blood clotting (thrombosis) kwa yeyote anayejua

PCB kwenye kilimo na related SUA

Katika mazingira ya kuishi na virusi, lockdown inasaidia kukifahamu kirusi, kufahamu njia sahihi za kuimarisha mapambano dhidi yake. Hii sio kuahirisha vifo, bali itawezesha sasa kupinguza vifo.

so tumekuwa na false narratives kuwaiga Sweden huku tukipuuzia cultural aspect za jamii. I have learn it is easy to administer Herd Immunity in Sweden kutokana na 1. Culture ya respect personal space, 2. trust kutoka Serikali kuwa wananchi will do the right things bila kulazimishwa.

PCB not as restricted as was my PMM (ended 1975)

ideally jinsi tunavyojua kirusi tunajua Zaidi jinsi ya kupambana nacho ili baadaye watu watakapoumwa tutakuwa tunajua jinsi ya kuwatibu ili vifo viwe vichache

shukran sana@Agnes-naendelea kuwafuatilia.

sure, tukipata taarifa zaidi tutajua namna ya kusaidia wale ambao watapata maambukizi huko mbeleni

Lwidiko hizo kits hata huku bongo zipo?

mpaka sasa hivi jinsi ya kuwatibu watu hospitalini na asilimia ya wanayokufa inapungua taratibu kwa sababu kila siku tunajifunza Zaidi. kwahiyo kujikinga ni kitu muhimu sana kwa sasa.

Nimejifunza mengi. Mjadala huu unasaidia kuelewa upotoshaji mkubwa unaoendelea (kwa makusudi au kutokujua). Asanteni sana watoa mada wote.

hizo kits zipo bongo

@Regina.. kits zipo Tanzania

The boot camp idea is super. I wish pia kungekuwa na boot camp za "utundu". Mahala ambapo watoto watapata nafasi ya kubunia na kujenga vitu na kubomoa vitu.

zimetengenezwa na zinauzwa Dar. Tufanya delivery.

https://projektinspire.co.tz/

Da Zawadi audio

Kits Biko cl

i would like to have one huku Songwe

Lwidiko asante kwa maelezo fasaha. Tafadhali tupatie maelezo zaidi kuhusu (upatikanaji wa) hizo kits na program nzima. Asante.

https://projektinspire.co.tz/product-kits/. This is the link to get the kits

Unaweza order online

Ahsante Bwana Lwidiko

Ama ukapiga simulacra 0653400006 kwa kupata au 0712865206

Jamani hizo PPE mtukumbuke na sisi madaktari tuliopo pembezeno kama huku Songwe

Tutawaleteeni usijali Regina Fredy

tutashukuru kwa kweli

hongera sana@ Lwidiko. Wanafunzi wengi wamepoteza ile spirit ya kupenda sayansi. Njia hiyo mnayotumia itasaidia kuinua vipaji. wazo la Prof pia bado linaweza kuangaliwa ili kuibua vipaji zaid kwa watoto hao tunaodhani ni watundu/watukutu.

Wazungumzaji wote wametoa elimu kubwa sana ya kisayansi na kijamii pia. Ahsante sana kwa mchango wenu katika mapambano haya ya Covid-19

we have similar idea as that of Dr. mhamilawa. i personal know his father as my physics teach teaching me electronics UDSM.

Asante sana contributors wote. Very informative and inapiring

one can vist our instagram @ youth in physics.

Asanteni kwa kuchangia PPE

hongereni kwa kazi nzuri.

Asante kwa mada za kisayansi, tumenifunza

wachangangiaji mada, hongereeni sana kwa elimu mliyotupatia leo...

https://www.gofundme.com/f/dhibiti-mlipuko-covid19-tanzania

Agnetta Kamugisha, mkazi wa North Carolina, Ph. 919-724-2291; Nabila Ghassany, mkazi wa Georgia, Ph 404-988-2178; Nassaro Basalama, mkazi wa North Carolina, Ph 919-519-1624, na Zawadi Sakapalla-Ukondwa, mkazi wa Maryland,Ph 301-379-2342. Tina Lasway 919-309-6994

hizo PPE msisahau pia private sector inahudumia wagonjwa wengi wa COVID19

My thanks to Frank and all Panelst for good program. Kazi nzuri sana. Elimu safi mmno mmno.

Ahsanten sana Dada Zawadi na timu yako...

Tunashukuru sana.

Asanteni

Kiukweli sisi tangu janga hili lianze huku niliko,hizo PPE tunajinunulia

Sawa saga Asia Rubber, ahsante sana.. tuwasiliane zaidi kwa kupata mashauri

Asanteni sana Frank na timu yako kwa mada hizi pamoja na michango kwa ajili ya PPE

Shukrani kwa panelists pia kwa Dr. Minja kwa kuOrganize ili jambo. Mbarikiwe mno wataalamu

meeting id itakuwa hii hii au?!

In response to your question Mkunde, we have standards of patient care in place and also guidelines. We should encourage HCWs to adhere to these guidelines, however; they should also receive health systems support like PPE and assurance of good care if infected.

https://www.instagram.com/projekt_inspire_tz/

https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZ0kce6orzoqGNwLRw0bcWEgW-UI2jNXRago/success?user_id=79qVuGGCSRCdL8IYo9v_lA&timezone_id=America%2FNew_York

Meeting Id please

Thanks to this amazing team.

meeting ya kesho 👆🏾

diaspora hongreni kwa kuweza kuorganize hilo changizo. Pia kwa elimu mnazozidi kutupatia. moderator/Host hongera zaidi.

yani mpk imebd tufturu na shule

Hongereni sana wachangiaji wote, nadhani elimu ya leo imeweza kutufungua uelewa wetu kuhusu COVID-19...itakuwa ni vyema Zaidi tukaendelea kuelimishwa Zaidi ili tuweze kucontrol hili janga. Big up

Lwidiko, Maeda, Quorro mko vizuri

Zawadi na wanawake wengine nimewapenda zaidi na hivyo tuzidi kuwahamasisha watoto wakike wasijisahau sana. Inawezekana kabisa tukiamua kama jamii.

Mada imekuwa nzuri Sana pongezi kwa waandaaji na wachangiaji wote

Kikombe cha Malagacy he, hanna mitishamba inaweza kudhibiti hiki kiruzi?

mhamilawa we can meet please https://www.instagram.com/p/B_XV6oLFHgz/?igshid=18oygg21j8uah

We would also like to know about possible contribution of traditional medicine in covid-19 treatment. (Eg. Covidor)

asanteni kwa shule nono

Sawa Sawa Amos, Nipigie kwa WhatsApp number 0712865206

NIMRCAF@Tarimo

ni kweli dalili za covid19 kwa tz ni tofauti na raia wengine huko dunian?

Nilikuwa na obsevation kwa dada Zawadi unfortunately nikatag privately kwa one of the members.

Sure... Nimrcaf @Asia

it is said watu wengi wanaopata corona tz dalili zinashowup tofauti?

anatutisha@maeda

Nilikuwa naomba hiyo michango inayochangwa itazame kada zote zilizofront. kuna wataalam maeneo kama ya lab, radiographery, comm health nk ambao wanahusika direct na wagonjwa kwenye diagnostic values. Wengi hawana PPE zifaazo kujilinda na Corona Virus. wanakutana sana na asymptomatic cases nyingi sana. the risk is so high tusitazame doctor na nurse tu

@Stephen Mkolome, habari

https://www.vijana.fm/2020/05/15/maswali-matano-na-dr-daniel-maeda/

if anyone has unanswered questions. please post here. asanteni sana.

@Stephen MkolomeAsante kwa ushauri.

Wataalamu kuweni watundu. Tunaweza kutengeneza hivyo vifaa na chemicals hapo TZ. Let us go to reverse engineering.

Tunazo hizo “state of art” facilities kama ya Ifakara health institute-Bagamoyo, NIMR-Mbeya n.k

Prof. Utundu upo na vinawezekana, hasa hasa kwa sasa ambapo watu wanaopona inaongezeka.

Nafikiri ipo sababu ya kuwa na maabara au kituo maalum kwa ajili ya kuendelea medical biotechnology itakayojikita katika kuibua mipango maalum ya R&D katika medicines, diagnostics and other medical devices

hahahaha kumbe wanawake tuko vizuri hapo

😂😂😂

afya kwa wanaume ni duni

acheni vitambi

social behavior of males is very different than that of females and therefor risks for infection, so tha must be taken into consideration

Sure...hata hapa nilipo kliniki ya kisukari attendee wngi ni wanaume kuliko wanawake

how do we help increase capacity with testing?

https://ipscell.com/seli-shina-ni-nini/

https://www.vijana.fm/2012/10/09/maswali-matano-kuhusu-tuzo-ya-nobel-ya-fiziolojia-na-tiba/

Why is the #COVID-19 death rate is significant higher among men than women?Might be due to underline biological/ social factors like:-life stye factors (hand washing behaviors, smoking behaviors)-higher incidence of chronic illness (e.g. CVD) in men-hormonal differences

Wengine wamekua machinga wa madawamedical representative wa makampuni ya kihindi

kwenye issue ya kwa nini wanaume, je nutritional endurance inaweza ikawa sababu? Najua mwanamke anasemwa kuwa na nutritional immunity kubwa kuliko sisi

Inawezekanaa kuwa receptor za mwanamme zipo respond vizuri kwenye virus

factor kubwa inaweza kuwa exposure ya wanaume kiutafutaji pia

Niliuliza kuhusu Mahusiano ya SARS-COV2 na Blood clotting (Thrombosis)na Kitu gani kinafasababisha blood clotting kwa wagonjwa wa ICU

TB Diagnostics zipo ngazi ya mkoa na wilaya na majibu yanapatikana from diagnostic centers. Infact kwa sasa mgonjwa anaweza pelekewa majibu to the nearby service delivery point. The plan ni kuwa na GeneXpert machines at each district level, though the coverage is not there yet.

Good move!@Bishanga

Dr Qorro ahsante kwa majibu yako

Centralized diagnostic services ni kwa multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). Hizo zinafanyika kwenye hospital maalum kama Kibong'oto, Bugando, and other regional referral hospitals

That is for culture and sensitivity

wagonjwa wa ICU huwa wana risk kubwa ya blood clotting in general kwa hiyo huwa wanatibiwa na dawa za kuzuia blood clotting. Kwa nini SARS-COV2 inasababisha blood clotting theories - virus inaharibu sell kwenye mishipa ya damu, high inflammatory reaction pia inaweza kuchangia. Lakini jinsi siku zitakavyoongezeka tutajua zaidi

So Culture and sensitivity testing inafanyika kwa cases ambazo ni Drug resistant, treatment failure or relapse of TB disease

I meant to say Zonal referral hospitals hapo juu

Suuala la upimaji kwa PCR, wapo wataalamu wa Maabara za afya tiba wakutosha nchini, wenye elimu viwango kuanzia ngazi ya cheti mpaka uzamivu wamefundishwa na wanaelimu ya Molekular biology. Hata hivyo wanahiaji mafunzo ya muda mfupi kwa ajili ya covid19 tests. Vipimo vya TB kwa kitumia PCR hufanywa na majibu hutolewa hulohuko ngazi ya Wilaya na wataalamu hao wa Maabara.

umesema vyema Dr.Minja. kwa sasa niko Uganda, Makerere kimasomo. nimeona jinsi walivyohimarisha mifumo yao ya Afya..

Coefficient of variation.

Sehemu nyingi electrical engineers ndio wanafanya kazi za biomedical engineers so mara nyingi wanakuwa waharibu badala ya kufanya maintenance

Thank you very much for the discussion. Always learning something new on this platform

kwa kweli mnajitahidi sn isipokuwa bado kuna changamoto za wakati mwingine kupata majibu ambyo sio sahihi. Sasa sijui kama ni calibration ya mashine au ni utaalam wa mtu mwenyewe. hapo nashauri pamoja na maintanance za vifaa, capacity building za mara kwa mara kwa wataalam wetu hawa inabidi ziwepo. Wengine huenda wanasahau kuupdate knowledge & skills zao.

waache wakuulize tu mwisho wa siku watakuwa na ingusitive mind and you will love them!

Asanteni sana wataalamu nimejifunza mengi.

Para ya mwisho ni kuhusu namna ya kuwasaidia watoto.

Ongoing capacity building ni muhimu sana, so is maintenance of equipment. in the meantime, tusaidiane kupeleka taarifa sahihi kuhusiana na sababu kwa nini sampuli ya papai au fenesi inaweza kuwa positive. kila mtu amepata Elimu ya kutosha hapa

Yes, Misago. Sharing information is very important

Sure@ Misago

SARS-COV2 inasababisha blood clots ambazo huathili major organs mwilini. kwanini tunasubiri mpaka mgonjwa afike ICU ndo tunaanza kuhangaika na matibabu ya blood clots ambayo ni magumu sana. hivi hakuna cha kufanya kwa mgonjwa ambaye ni positive COVID-19 kuzuia asipate hizi clots ?

Kutokana na mabadiliko ya genome ya SARS-Cov2 sequencing ni muhimu sana. Itasaidia kujua mwenendo wa ugonjwa na kurahisisha baadae kwenye administration ya chanjo.

This panel was very technical.... asanteni sana wataalamu.

pamoja inawezekani nadhani cha muhimu ni kuelimisha, kuwasiliana na uwamzi tu . pesa zipo. asanteni

moderator/host kajitahidi sana kuibua maswali ambayo yanatoa mwanga wa sisi kuweza kufuatilia mada kwa uzuri.

very powerful , much appreciated

wataalam nao kila mmoja ni mbobezi kwa sehemu yake. Keep it up!

asanteni wataalam wetu kwa mchango wenu. Speical shout out kwa my mdogo Dr. Grace Qorro. Nice kuona wadogo wetu wameenda vizuri. Hongera kwa kazi nzuri unazofanya.

One important take home message:COVID-19 has been an eye opener. Wataalam tutumie changamoto hi kama kifumbua macho. Tujiandae vema katika upande wa diagnostics and medical technology ili tusikamatwe tena pants down next time.

Tunahitaji mchanganyiko wa disciplines. Mwisho wa siku, tutakuwa na timu zilizokamilika tukiwa na watu wa fani mbalimbali.

Nakubaliana nawe Misago.

word of the day Misago. It is so difficult, nearly to impossible to cast an unknown demon. Proper diagnosis is very vital in medicine and health

good work Lwidiko

blood clots - kila dawa ina madhara yake, kwa hiyo mara nyingi unajitahidi kujua extent of the problem, ni nini kinasababisha ili uweze kutibu wanaohitaji tu na siyo kila mtu. again bado tunajifunza kuhusu huu ugonjwa na jinsi ya kuutibu so nadhani jinsi ya kutibu itaendelea kuevolve.

Lwidiko unachukua watoto wangapi ktk programme yako hiyo? Natamani ifike nchi nzima.

Great Lwidiko. ProjeKt Inspire is an exclent activity.

can the diaspora be the answer? and the funders?

we are the messiahs we’ve been waiting for lol

Excellent discussions.....!!!

Sayansi ya Maeda,,😃

Changamoto za dawa zenu hadi mdhibitishe si chini ya miezi 6 wakati hizi za kiafrika ni za muda mfupi. mtu anachuma kashagwala within a minute kapona. wasomi nao ni sehemu ya jamii.

😅😅😅😅

kapona? are you sure? no wajua kapona nini?

Dawa ina ngazi za kupitia ili kuthibitishwa kama inatibu ama la.

Wishing it kutibu is different from it kuwa effective.

As always ... another great learning today! Bravo doctors !

Unajua kama mtu anaona kifua kimebana na akinywa hizo za asili anapona sasa tutamshawishi namna gani ili asitumie? Nadhani mass education hasa kwa local individuals bado inachangamoto zake.

shukrani Aviti

asante Maeda.

Kudos! Maeda et, all.

asanteni sana mbarikiwe 🙏

Asanteni Sanaa panel listtumejifunza vingi

mbarikiwe sanaaa

hahahahahaha

Much thanks to the team.

Mimi nina wazo moja kwamba dawa kama imewasaidia wengine hii inabaki kuwa dawa tu haijalishi watu wengine wameithibitisha au la. maana hata dawa zinazosemekana zimethibitishwa pia huwa na side effects

thanks