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Maternal exposure to air pollution nanoparticles and adverse birth outcomes

Air pollution is a complex mixture, including particulate matter (PM) and volatile compounds. Many are products of incomplete combustion, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and black carbon nanoparticles. Globally, these nanoparticles are associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including pregnancy loss and low birth weight. However, it has been assumed that the principal impacts are on the mother and the placenta, rather than the fetus.

Professor Paul Fowler will present a new study that establishes two key novel facts about black carbon air pollution nanoparticles. The study, Maternal exposure to ambient black carbon particles and their presence in maternal and fetal circulation and organs: an analysis of two independent population-based observational studies, is a collaboration with Prof Tim Nawrot at Hasselt University. First, the study finds that levels of nanoparticles in the environment are proportional to those in the mother, in the placenta and in the neonate. Second, the study finds that these particles pass through the placenta and reach first and second trimester human fetal liver, lung, and brain.

These findings further increase the urgency of mitigating air pollution risks, especially since exposure in utero is also linked with cognitive issues. Potential mechanisms and the way forward for future research and medical and public policy implications will be discussed.

The call will be moderated by Génon Jensen of the Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL).

Jan 19, 2023 12:00 PM in Eastern Time (US and Canada)